Article
The Portable Document Format (PDF) is not a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) format. It was developed to be platform-agnostic, independent of the underlying operating system and rendering engines. To achieve this, PDF was constructed to be interacted with via something more like a programming language, and...
Joris Schellekens
Design patterns help make code understandable, scalable, and reusable. There are different categories of design patterns, depending on the problems being addressed. When code is modularized, it's easier to add newer features without making drastic changes to the project. The Abstract Factory Design Pattern is a creational pattern that provides...
Sathiya Sarathi Gunasekaran
REST APIs are an industry-standard way for web services to send and receive data. They use HTTP request methods to facilitate the request-response cycle and typically transfer data using JSON, and more rarely - HTML, XML and other formats. In this guide, we will create a REST API in Python...
Naazneen Jatu
Graphs are one of the most useful data structures. They can be used to model practically everything - object relations and networks being the most common ones. An image can be represented as a grid-like graph of pixels, and sentences can be represented as graphs of words. Graphs are used...
Mila Lukic
NumPy is the most popular mathematical computing Python library. It offers a great number of mathematical tools including but not limited to multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, mathematical functions, number generators, and a lot more. One of the fundamental tools in NumPy is the ndarray - an N-dimensional array. Today, we're...
Bilal Hamada
This guide is an in-depth introduction to an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique called Random Projections. A Random Projection can be used to reduce the complexity and size of data, making the data easier to process and visualize. It is also a preprocessing technique for input preparation to a classifier or...
Mehreen Saeed
In this guide, we'll be taking a look at an unsupervised learning model, known as a Self-Organizing Map (SOM), as well as its implementation in Python. We'll be using an RGB Color example to train the SOM and demonstrate its performance and typical usage. Self-Organizing Maps: A General Introduction A...
In this guide, we'll dive into a dimensionality reduction, data embedding and data visualization technique known as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). We'll be utilizing Scikit-Learn to perform Multidimensional Scaling, as it has a wonderfully simple and powerful API. Throughout the guide, we'll be using the Olivetti faces dataset from AT&...
This guide is an introduction to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, its mathematical calculation, and its computation via Python's pandas library. We'll construct various examples to gain a basic understanding of this coefficient and demonstrate how to visualize the correlation matrix via heatmaps. What Is the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient? Spearman...
© 2013-2025 Stack Abuse. All rights reserved.
